C++ Structures

In C++, a structure is a user-defined data type that groups together variables of different data types under a single name. Structures are useful when you need to group together data that belongs together. For example, you can use a structure to represent a person's name, address, and phone number.

Declaring a Structure in C++

To declare a structure in C++, use the struct keyword followed by the structure name, followed by the structure definition within curly braces {}. The structure definition contains variables that represent the members of the structure.

Example:

1struct Person
2{
3    string name;
4    string address;
5    int age;
6};

In this example, we have declared a structure named Person with three members: name, address, and age.

Defining a Structure Variable

To define a structure variable, use the structure name followed by the structure variable name.

Example:

Person person1;

In this example, we have defined a structure variable named person1 of type Person.

Accessing Members of a Structure

To access the members of a structure, use the structure variable name followed by the dot . operator and the member name.

Example:

1#include <iostream>
2#include <string>
3using namespace std;
4 
5struct Person
6{
7    string name;
8    string address;
9    int age;
10};
11 
12int main()
13{
14    Person person1;
15    person1.name = "William Max";
16    person1.address = "123 Main Street";
17    person1.age = 30;
18 
19    cout << "Name: " << person1.name << endl;
20    cout << "Address: " << person1.address << endl;
21    cout << "Age: " << person1.age << endl;
22 
23    return 0;
24}

Output:

1Name: William Max
2Address: 123 Main Street
3Age: 30

In this example, we have defined a structure variable named person1 and assigned values to its members name, address, and age. We then access the members of the structure using the dot . operator and print their values to the console.